Optimization of subcritical aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from Punica granatum leaves and the in vitro antioxidant activity / 中成药

AIM To optimize the subcritical aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from the leaves of Punica granatum L.and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity.METHODS With reaction pressure,solid-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction temperature as influencing factors,yield of polysaccharides as an evalution index,the extraction was optimized by Box-Behnken method on the basis of single factor test.Then the scavenging effects of polysaccharides on hydroxyl free radical,superoxide anion and DPPH free radical were detected.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 5 MPa for reaction pressure,1 ∶ 27 for solid-liquid ratio,11 min for extraction time,and 155 ℃ for extraction temperature,the yield of polysaccharides was 1.809％.There was a dose-effect relationship between scavenging rate and polysaccharides' concentration.0.1 mg/mL Polysaccharides displayed the strongest scavenging effects on hydroxyl free radical,superoxide anion and DPPH free radical with the clearance rates of 57.36％,70.51％ and 58.02％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the subcritical aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from P.granatum leaves with obvious in vitro antioxidant activity.

Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on retinal neovascularization in neonatal rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of rat bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on retinal neovascularization, and to observe the changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (CON), model (OIR) and BMSC transplantation. In the BMSC transplantation group, BMSCs were transplanted 5 days after oxygen conditioning. The phosphate buffered saline of the same volume was injected in the CON and OIR groups. The OIR model was prerpared according to the classic hyperoxygen method. At seven days after transplantation, retinal neovascularization was examined by retinal flat-mount staining and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The retinal flat-mount staining results showed that the vessels were well organized in the CON group, but the vessels were irregularly organized, and lots of nonperfusion areas were observed in the OIR group. The large vessels were a bit circuitous, the retinal vessels were relatively organized, and less nonperfusion areas were noted in the BMSC transplantation group. The HE staining results showed that many neovessels and preretinal neovascular (pre-RNC) cells were observed on the internal limiting membrane in the OIR group. There were less pre-RNC cells in the BMSC transplantation group compared with the OIR group (P<0.01). The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that more HIF-1αand VEGFcells were observed in the OIR group compared with the CON group, and less HIF-1αand VEGFcells were observed in the BMSC transplantation group compared with OIR group (P<0.05). The Western blot analysis showed the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins in the OIR group was significantly higher than that in the CON group. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins in the BMSC transplantation group was lower than that in the OIR group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BMSC transplantation therapy could alleviate retinal neovascularization in OIR rats, and its mechanisms might be associated with the inhibition of the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins.</p>

Study on scanning dose and imaging quality of gemstone spectrum imaging during lower extremity arterial CTA / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To compare gemstone spectrum imaging (GSI) and auto mA technology for lower extremity arterial CTA to determine whether GSI can decrease radiation dose while increase image quality.Methods Thirty patients were equally divided into a GIS group and an auto mA group.All the patients underwent arterial CTA of both lower limbs.The auto mA group had the noise index (NI) being 15.48 and the current strength range from 20 to 400 mA,and the GSI group applied scanning protocol GSI-36 and 260 mA when used for arterial CTA.The values of CT dose index volumes (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded,and the effect doses (ED) were calculated.The image quality was evaluated in the two groups,and statistical analysis was carried out.Results GSI and auto mA groups had CTDIvol values being (10.30±40.00) and (9.72±2.86) mGy,DLP values being (1 206.31 ±338.6) and (1 101.4±375.5) mGy· cm,and ED values being (18.10±5.08) and (16.52±5.63) mSv,respectively.The image quality score was (2.87±0.30) in GSI group and (2.57±0.46) in auto mA group,and there were significant difference between the scores (P＜0.05).Conclusion GSI cannot decrease X-ray radiation dose while increase image quality during lower extremity arterial CTA.

Optimization of subcritical aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from Punica granatum leaves and the in vitro antioxidant activity / 中成药

AIM To optimize the subcritical aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from the leaves of Punica granatum L.and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity.METHODS With reaction pressure,solid-liquid ratio,extraction time and extraction temperature as influencing factors,yield of polysaccharides as an evalution index,the extraction was optimized by Box-Behnken method on the basis of single factor test.Then the scavenging effects of polysaccharides on hydroxyl free radical,superoxide anion and DPPH free radical were detected.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 5 MPa for reaction pressure,1 ∶ 27 for solid-liquid ratio,11 min for extraction time,and 155 ℃ for extraction temperature,the yield of polysaccharides was 1.809％.There was a dose-effect relationship between scavenging rate and polysaccharides' concentration.0.1 mg/mL Polysaccharides displayed the strongest scavenging effects on hydroxyl free radical,superoxide anion and DPPH free radical with the clearance rates of 57.36％,70.51％ and 58.02％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the subcritical aqueous extraction for polysaccharides from P.granatum leaves with obvious in vitro antioxidant activity.

Study on scanning dose and imaging quality of gemstone spectrum imaging during lower extremity arterial CTA / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To compare gemstone spectrum imaging (GSI) and auto mA technology for lower extremity arterial CTA to determine whether GSI can decrease radiation dose while increase image quality.Methods Thirty patients were equally divided into a GIS group and an auto mA group.All the patients underwent arterial CTA of both lower limbs.The auto mA group had the noise index (NI) being 15.48 and the current strength range from 20 to 400 mA,and the GSI group applied scanning protocol GSI-36 and 260 mA when used for arterial CTA.The values of CT dose index volumes (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded,and the effect doses (ED) were calculated.The image quality was evaluated in the two groups,and statistical analysis was carried out.Results GSI and auto mA groups had CTDIvol values being (10.30±40.00) and (9.72±2.86) mGy,DLP values being (1 206.31 ±338.6) and (1 101.4±375.5) mGy· cm,and ED values being (18.10±5.08) and (16.52±5.63) mSv,respectively.The image quality score was (2.87±0.30) in GSI group and (2.57±0.46) in auto mA group,and there were significant difference between the scores (P＜0.05).Conclusion GSI cannot decrease X-ray radiation dose while increase image quality during lower extremity arterial CTA.

Effects of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation via lateral ventricle on the neural apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCBMC) transplantation on the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into normal control (N)+normal saline (NS), HIBD+NS, N+UCBMC, and HIBD+UCBMC groups. HIBD model was prepared using the classical Rice-Vannucci method. Twenty-four hours after HIBD, UCBMC were transplanted in the N+UCBMC and HIBD+UCBMC groups. Seven days after transplantation, NeuN/Cleaved-Caspase-3 double immunofluorescence staining and TUNEL methods were used to observe neural apoptosis in the cortex. The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were examined by Western blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were more NeuNcleaved Caspase-3DAPIand TUNELDAPIcells in the HIBD+NS group compared with the N+NS and N+UCBMC groups (P<0.01). There were less NeuNcleaved Caspase-3DAPIand TUNELDAPIcells in the HIBD+UCBMC group compared with the HIBD+NS group (P<0.01). The concentration of Bax protein was higher and that of Bcl-2 proteins was lower in the HIBD+NS group compared with the N+NS and N+UCBMC groups (P<0.01). The concentration of Bax protein in HIBD+UCBMC group was lower than that in the HIBD+NS group (P<0.01). The concentration of Bcl-2 protein was higher compared with the HIBD+NS, N+NS and N+UCBMC groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>UCBMC transplantation via lateral ventricle can upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulate the expression of Bax protein, thus alleviating brain neural apoptosis in neonatal rats with HIBD.</p>

Effects of rhomotoxin on electrophysiologic parameters in rabbit heart / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Aim To study effects of rhomotoxin (Rh) on electrophysiologic parameters in rabbit heart. Methods The rabbit hearts in vivo were injected with Rh 12.5 ?g?kg-1 , 25 ?g?kg-1 or saline iv respectively and the isolated rabbit hearts were perfused by Krebs-Henseleit(K-H) perfusion liquid containing Rh 0.34 ?mol?L-1 or 0.68 ?mol?L-1. The electrophysiologic parameters were observed before and after drug adminitration.Results At 20,40,60 and 80 min after injection of Rh 12.5 ?g?kg-1 iv,the VDT,ERP and RRP had no significant changes; but at 20,40,60 and 80 min after injection of Rh 25 ?g?kg-1 iv a significant prolongation of ERP and (or) RRP was found (P